Plant Stem Cell (CMC) and Callus (DDC) are Fundamentally Different Cells

Callus (A.K.A Dedifferentiated Cell, DDCs) is dedifferentiated tissue composed by a variety of heterogeneous cells from dozens of dedifferentiated cells obtained by dedifferentiation process on differentiated plant organs (such as leaves). 

On the other hand, The CMCs developed by PIPSCI team are innately undifferentiated cells that has never been differentiated nor dedifferentiated, and CMCs are strictly homologous homogeneous cells.

Therefore, Plant stem cell (CMC) and callus (DDC) are fundamentally different from each other. Plant stem cell (CMC) and callus (DDC) show significant differences in cell morphology, gene expression, cell growth rate and stability, as well as plant active component synthesis due to their different origins.